昌都偾抢实业投资有限公司

　　2006年4月24日，美國景觀設(shè)計(jì)師協(xié)會（ASLA）公布本年度專業(yè)獎項(xiàng)，由北京土人景觀規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)研究院和北京大學(xué)景觀設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)研究院主持的：“飄浮的花園--浙江黃巖永寧江生態(tài)防洪工程”（永寧公園）獲得了專業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)榮譽(yù)獎(ASLA Design Honor Award)。這是俞孔堅(jiān)教授和他的土人團(tuán)隊(duì)繼2002年的中山岐江公園，2005年的沈陽建筑大學(xué)稻田校園以及臺州“反規(guī)劃”之后，又一次獲得這一備受全世界矚目的設(shè)計(jì)大獎。據(jù)ASLA官方網(wǎng)站公布，今年共有來自全球500多個項(xiàng)目參加評選，頒布了專業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)獎13項(xiàng)，規(guī)劃獎4項(xiàng)，住區(qū)獎8項(xiàng)。令人矚目的是，今年共有三個獲獎項(xiàng)目在中國，除土人設(shè)計(jì)的永寧公園外，美國SWA設(shè)計(jì)的臺灣建興電子(Lite-On)總部基地，獲得了設(shè)計(jì)榮譽(yù)獎，由美國EDSA主持的廣東南昆山自然保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)的生態(tài)度假村規(guī)劃項(xiàng)目獲得了規(guī)劃榮譽(yù)獎。中國土人是唯一的美國之外的獲獎?wù)摺?/P>

　　“飄浮的花園”是一個關(guān)于浙江臺州黃巖永寧江生態(tài)恢復(fù)與重建的案例。設(shè)計(jì)者本著“與洪水為友”的態(tài)度和設(shè)計(jì)理念，把昔日一個以防洪為單一功能的水泥硬化河道，通過大量應(yīng)用鄉(xiāng)土物種進(jìn)行河堤的防護(hù)建設(shè)，在濱江地帶形成了多樣化的生境系統(tǒng),使之成為充滿生機(jī)的現(xiàn)代生態(tài)與文化休憩地——永寧公園；該項(xiàng)目將城市雨洪管理、鄉(xiāng)土生物保護(hù)、居民的日常休憩活動有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來,使城市土地利用集約化，用最經(jīng)濟(jì)的途徑，創(chuàng)造出健康優(yōu)美的人居環(huán)境。今年3月，該項(xiàng)目已被中國建設(shè)部授予"中國人居環(huán)境范例獎"。ASLA評獎委員會對該建成項(xiàng)目給予很高的贊許，評語是：“巧妙的建筑設(shè)計(jì)，精到的自然植被配置，創(chuàng)造出感性的體驗(yàn)空間，好作品！”

　　美國景觀設(shè)計(jì)師協(xié)會成立于1899年，已有100多年歷史，是一個世界性的專業(yè)協(xié)會，代表全美50個州和全世界42個國家的景觀設(shè)計(jì)師。景觀設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)是關(guān)于土地的分析、規(guī)劃、設(shè)計(jì)、管理、保護(hù)和恢復(fù)的科學(xué)和藝術(shù)，它與建筑學(xué)、城市規(guī)劃學(xué)共同構(gòu)成人居環(huán)境建設(shè)的三大學(xué)科。景觀設(shè)計(jì)師的終身目標(biāo)是將人的活動，包括城市、建筑、水利和交通等人類工程，與生命的土地和諧相處。全美有70多所大學(xué)設(shè)有景觀設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)，全世界有120多所大學(xué)設(shè)有景觀設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)。

　　我國從2004年開始，由國家勞動和社會保障部正式確認(rèn)“景觀設(shè)計(jì)師”職業(yè)，2005年，國務(wù)院學(xué)位委員會正式批準(zhǔn)北京大學(xué)成立景觀設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)碩士點(diǎn)，并批準(zhǔn)北京大學(xué)等25所大學(xué)試招在職風(fēng)景園林專業(yè)碩士，2006年4月，教育部公布了景觀學(xué)等高考招生的25個新增專業(yè)，至此結(jié)束了景觀設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)沒有本科的歷史。中國目前尚沒有開展注冊景觀設(shè)計(jì)師制度。人才短缺、學(xué)科和觀念相對滯后，已成為中國目前景觀設(shè)計(jì)職業(yè)發(fā)展的瓶頸。中國景觀規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)作品在國際上的連連獲獎，無疑給這一專業(yè)在中國的發(fā)展以莫大的鼓舞。

　　北京大學(xué)景觀設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)研究院成立于2003年1月，每年招收碩士研究生60名，其中在職MLA碩士30名，理科景觀設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)碩士30名。多年來堅(jiān)持學(xué)科創(chuàng)新、機(jī)制創(chuàng)新和教育模式創(chuàng)新的道路，出版各類專著15部，今年2名學(xué)生還獲得聯(lián)合國教科文組織和國際景觀設(shè)計(jì)師聯(lián)盟的學(xué)生競賽二等獎。

　　北京土人景觀規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)研究院是一所國內(nèi)規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)甲級單位，從事城市，建筑和景觀的規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)，目前有設(shè)計(jì)人員200余人。自1998年成立以來，高舉“為中國而設(shè)計(jì)”的民族大旗，在創(chuàng)造現(xiàn)代性而具有鮮明中國特色的城市和景觀方面取得令國內(nèi)外同行關(guān)注的成績，已四次獲得全美ASLA規(guī)劃和景觀設(shè)計(jì)榮譽(yù)獎，2004獲全國美展金獎，以及包括兩項(xiàng)建設(shè)部"中國人居環(huán)境范例獎"在內(nèi)的各類全國性獎勵10多項(xiàng)。

　　GENERAL DESIGN AWARD OF HONOR

　　The Floating Gardens — Yongning River Park, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, China

　　Peking University Graduate School of Landscape Architecture and Turenscape, Beijing, China

　　"Arresting architectural forms playing off natural vegetation create a sensory experience. Nice work!"

　　— 2006 Professional Awards Jury Comments

　　Narrative Summary:

　　In July 2002, Taizhou City asked the landscape architect to design a 21-hectare park along the Yongning River, the mother river of the historical city at the east coast of China. At that time, most of the park site along the riverside was already embanked with concrete as part of the local flood control policy.

　　In meeting the needs of designing this park, the landscape architect had to provide a concept that would be accessible to both tourists and locals, while also providing an alternative flood control and storm water management solution to be used as a model for the entire river valley.

　　The result was the Floating Gardens.

　　1.The challenges that faced the landscape architect were:

　　(1) To convince the local authority to stop channelizing the river with concrete. Not only is this process ecologically destructive to the fragile edge conditions of the inter-tidal zones, but it is also culturally and historically insensitive to the traditional symbolism and place of the river with respect to the lives of the local inhabitants. Additionally, canalization of the river is an expensive measure that uses up valuable public funds, which could be allocated to other public projects.

　　(2) To design an alternative flood control and storm water management solution, which would be used as a model for the entire river valley management. As a part of the speedy urbanization process in China, almost all rivers in China are finding the same fate; single-minded flood control projects based on concrete engineering and damming are canalizing their banks. Vis-à-vis this prevailing trend, this design would become a model not only for the Yongning River, but also a visible model for all the river treatment and flood control projects in China.

　　(3) To design a functioning park, which unlike a natural bird sanctuary which can flood and serve wildlife, must also be accessible and serve tourists and locals.

　　2.The design solutions: The Floating Gardens

　　The concept of Floating Gardens was developed to meet the above challenges.

　　The park is composed of two layers: the natural matrix overlapped with the human matrix---- the floating gardens. The natural matrix is composed of wetland and natural vegetation designed for the natural processes of flooding and native habitats. Above this natural matrix, float the gardens of humanity composed of a designed tree matrix, a path network, and a matrix of story boxes.

　　The design draws on the following aspects:

　　(1) A regional and drainage approach: a storm water process analysis showed the flood security patterns at every 5, 20, and 50 years' level. These analyses become the basis for the site design of the park.

　　(2) An alternative flood control solution: a wetland system, based on the regional flood security pattern analysis enabled flood control and water management to become an integral part of the park design. The whole site along the river becomes a multi-functional project under the leadership of the landscape architect.

　　(3) The matrix layer for the natural processes: composed of a restored riparian wetland along the flood plain and an outer wetland (lake) outside of the river bank that runs parallel to the river, the entirety of the park is covered with native communities. During the monsoon season, both the riparian wetland and the outside wetland are flooded. During the dry season, the outer wetland will still be submerged from both the retained water and fresh water from the inlet located in the upper reach of the river. Year round, water is accessible to park users.

　　(4) Native wetland plants, trees and bamboos are massed along the riverbank and throughout the design not only to ensure successful establishment of the vegetation, but also to promote continuity of the design with the surrounding ecosystem.

　　(5) The upper layer for the humanity which "floats" above the seasonally flooded natural matrix, is composed of groves of native trees, a network of paths extends from the urban fabric downwards the park, while a matrix of story boxes which allude to the culture and history of the native land and people punctuate the landscape at strategically placed points, among them are a box of rice, a box of fish, a box of hardware crafts, a box of Taoism, a box of stone, a box of mountain and water, a box of citrus and a box of martial arts. The use of boxes is a design approach to frame a human scale scene for a special theme within a large landscape background.

　　3.The significance of the park

　　This park demonstrates an ecological approach to flood control and storm water management, while also educating people about other solutions to flood control beyond engineering. This park further demonstrates the value of the native plants and common trees, which were often neglected.

　　The Floating Gardens is a park that incorporated minimum design techniques to create an accessible and interesting landscape dominated by nature.

　　Project Resources

　　Construction Management:

　　The Government of Hungyan Districts